Salvato et al. constructed a novel VLP vaccine by expressing LASV GPC and Z protein based on the MVA vector, termed GEO-LM01.301 A Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) RNA replicon expressing GPC or the NP of LASV was also developed, which completely protected inbred guinea pigs from lethal infection by homologous LASV.302 Two cistron RNA replicons that simultaneously express two GPCs from different lineages of LASV were also developed and can mediate a cross-reactive immune response in mice.303 However, three doses of RNA replicons are needed to achieve protection. This evidence concerns the gene GYPC and infection.