TARDBP and retinal degeneration: To study the TDP-43-associated proteotoxicity in an in vivo system, we employed a Drosophila model, which expresses the ALS-associated human mutant TDP-43M337V under the GMR-GAL4 driver and develops a rough-eye phenotype as a result of loss of photoreceptors and retinal degeneration in adult eyes (Ritson et al., 2010).