However, it is still uncertain whether cGAS activation in cDCs causes the Aicardi–Goutieres Syndrome in humans, because human patients with loss-of-function mutations of Trex1 develop severe encephalitis, whereas Trex1–/– mice exhibit myocarditis and inflammation in multiple organs but no apparent encephalitis. The gene discussed is TREX1; the disease is Aicardi-Goutières syndrome.