GFAP and dementia: In line with the results from participants without dementia, we found that higher levels of P-tau181 (HR = 1.34, p = 3.21 × 10−5) and GFAP (HR = 1.32, p = 2.09 × 10−5), and a lower Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (HR = 0.78, p = 0.01) were associated with a higher risk.