MCP-1, on the other hand, is known to be elevated in obesity and diabetes mellitus (Catalan et al., 2007[10]; Kim et al., 2006[42]; Piemonti et al., 2009[65]; Simeoni et al., 2004[80]), while high TIMP-1 serum levels were found in adolescents with alcohol intoxication (Zdanowicz et al., 2022[107]). Here, CCL2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.