However, it is important to note that the H-FABP concentration is significantly elevated in the heart compared to muscles.32 Additionally, it has been documented that a significant proportion of patients, approximately 30%, who exhibit elevated levels of cardiac troponin (cTn) do not exhibit the typical symptoms associated with ACS.35 This systematic study included one study which only included patients with renal failure while majority of rest of the studies excluded such patients.24 Here, FABP3 is linked to acute kidney injury.