In particular, by fitting a fixed effect generalized linear model (GLM), we found that the proportions of exhausted T cell (T0), MAIT (T1), and Irf8+ T (T5) were significantly increased in the late stage during tumorigenesis (Figures 5C and E), whereas naïve T cell (T3), NKT (T4), and CD4+ T (T6) were decreased in late stage (Figures 3A and 5 and Table S3), implying that T cell functions could be suppressed during HCC formation. Here, CD4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.