Research has shown that Sp1 deficiency induces hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), while Sp1 overexpression holds therapeutic potential for HCM by ameliorating pathological characteristics in HCM mouse models, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and muscle fiber disorders (Zhang et al., 2024). Here, SP1 is linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.