Belke (2011) found that swimming training significantly reduced Sp1 O-GlcNAcylation levels in mice compared to sedentary mice. This reduction is due to lower glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase 2 mRNA levels and higher OGA levels, resulting in weakened Sp1 O-GlcNAcylation. Consequently, this reduction increases the heart weight-to-body weight ratio, improves systolic performance, promotes cardiac remodeling, and induces physiological cardiac hypertrophy (Belke, 2011). The gene discussed is SP1; the disease is cardiac hypertrophy.