GPER1 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: In vivo and in vitro studies using GPER1 agonists such as G-1 demonstrated beneficial effects for cancer prognosis; these involved the inhibition of proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis in leukemia cell lines of T lineage [76], as well as the inhibition of growth in both mantle cell lymphoma [77] and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [78].