The rat models of these three studies were all type 2 diabetes mellitus models and had relatively good positive results, but there are still some factors to note: the comprehensiveness of the cognitive assessment methods and the different types of osteocalcin (carboxylated osteocalcin, undercarboxylated osteocalcin, and total osteocalcin).14 The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.