ALB and Miyoshi myopathy: Traditionally, prognostic risk in MM has been assessed using clinical factors, including serum molecule levels (eg, calcium, creatinine, c-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and albumin)10,11 and cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs).9,12 The International Staging System (ISS)13 and its Revised version (R-ISS)14 utilize these factors, such as serum β2-microglobulin, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and specific CAs (eg, del(17p), t(4;14), t(14;16)), to more accurately estimate patient prognostic risk.