In exploratory analyses, women with high Sh FGS burden, defined as two or more positive genital Sh PCRs, had higher concentrations of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 as well as inflammatory cytokines IL-1 α and IL-15 compared to women without FGS [148]. Here, IL4 is linked to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.