CD274 and neoplasm: mRNA vaccines can encode tumor antigens, immunostimulatory cytokines, and Cas9 protein for genome editing.[263] Cell‐intrinsic inhibitory signals transmitted by IRs or immunosuppressive cytokines can be blocked by RNA interference.[264, 265] Therefore, although not directly associated with TEXprog cells and TTSM cells, gene therapy may represent an ideal platform for augmenting PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade efficacy.