INS and hyperinsulinism: Indeed, it has been found that there is a bidirectional association between HDL-C and T2DM, whereby hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia occurring in T2DM may lead to reduced HDL-C levels and deterioration of HDL function through various alterations in the HDL particles proteome and lipidome (33).Thus, via altering insulin secretion, peripheral insulin sensitivity, non-insulin-dependent glucose uptake, and adipose tissue metabolic activation, HDL-C may also have an impact on glucose homeostasis (34).