Importantly, while B16/F10 melanoma cells transfected with control shRNA (Fig. S1E) expressed PD-L1 (Fig. 2D), which was dose-dependently inhibited by SAS (Fig. 2D), B16/F10 cells in which VLA-4 was neutralized by VLA-4 shRNA (Fig. S1E) did not express PD-L1 (Fig. 2E), and SAS had no effect. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is melanoma.