TGFB1 and gastric cancer: Additionally, interventions targeting Twist in peritoneal metastatic cancer have been studied by Huang et al., who demonstrated that dextran sulfate (DS) inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression, suppresses TGF-β-mediated EMT in gastric cancer cells, and thus inhibits gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis 42.