Patients’ age, gender, genetic profile, existing medical conditions (e.g. autoimmune diseases), and the agent of immunotherapy [e.g. anti-programmed death receptor 1 (anti-PD-1) and/or anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (anti-CTLA-4)] are risk factors considered in the development of irAEs (17, 18). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and autoimmune disease.