The protein EP300, a transcriptional coactivator of STAT1 (49), was significantly increased during swH1N1 infection compared to huH1N1 infection, but as STAT1 was suppressed, the EP300 protein might be activating other transcription factors, e.g. IRF (50, 51) and NF-kb (52) contributing to the high expression of cytokines and chemokines observed after infection with swH1N1. Here, STAT1 is linked to infection.