This analysis now encompasses immunohistochemical markers such as ER, PR, HER2 (ERBB2), and the proliferation marker protein Ki-67 (MKI67), genomic markers including BRCA1, BRCA2, PIK3CA, as well as immune markers like tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 (32). Here, BRCA1 is linked to neoplasm.