POD: postoperative day; IV: intravenous; IQR: interquartile range; LOF: late oral feeding; E: experimental group; C: control group; EEN: early enteral nutrition; PN: parenteral nutrition; EN: enteral nutrition; PALB: prealbumin; ALB: albumin; TNM: tumor, node, metastasis (cancer staging system); EOF: early oral feeding; TOF: traditional oral feeding; DOF: delayed oral feeding; CF: control feeding. Here, ALB is linked to cancer.