TNF and Diarrhea: It was also reported in another study that the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect with ethanolic guava leaf extract (200 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in production of NO and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in colonic tissue in a S. flexneri-induced diarrhea rat model (Hirudkar et al., 2020a).