A nested case-control study within EPIC-Heidelberg Study, including breast cancer (n=627), prostate cancer (n=554), and cancer deaths (n=759), reported that pre-diagnostic serum concentrations of ferritin were associated with a 30%-33% decreased risk of developing or dying from breast cancer, but serum iron, transferrin, or TSAT were not associated with risk of prostate cancer as well as cancer mortality (54). This evidence concerns the gene TF and prostate cancer.