In FFAs-treated HepG2 cells and HFD-induced NAFLD mice, researchers found that Melatonin treatment increased NRF2 and HO-1 levels to protect cells from oxidative environment, and also upregulated the expression of GPX4 and SLC7A11 to inhibit ferroptosis [147]. Here, HMOX1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.