The α-linolenic acid phytosterol ester PS-ALA inhibits ERs by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway, which in turn inhibits the activation of IRE1α/TRAF2/JNK signaling pathway, normalizes the Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and reduces ERs-induced hepatocyte apoptosis to achieve a preventive effect against NAFLD [44]. This evidence concerns the gene BCL2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.