CASP3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: For example, Polygonatum kingianum (PK) has been shown to improve mitochondrial function by enhancing mitochondrial ROS (MtROS) scavenging, and it reverses the upregulation of caspase-3/9 and Bax expression, while restoring the decreased levels of Bcl-2 and cytochrome c in hepatocytes of HFD-induced NAFLD rats [15].