Evaluating all the Asp57 molecules (HLA-DQB1*02:03, *03:01, *03:03, *04, *05:03, *06:01, *06:02, and *06:03), we found that *02:03 was very rare, while *03:01 and *03:03 represented only 15% of the HLA-DQB1*03 alleles in children with T1D (Table 3), and HLA-DQB1*04 and *05 were rare in both patients and controls (Tables 3 and Supplementary Tables 4 and 5). Here, HLA-DQB1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.