In cholangiocarcinoma (normal tissues: n = 9; tumor tissues: n = 36, of which 30 were iCCA), HSF1 was significantly overexpressed (Supplementary Figure 1A; CHOL: cholangiocarcinoma; Supplementary Figure 1B; p = 1.46 × 10–14) with similar incidences in men (p = 2.32 × 10–06) and women (p = 4.98 × 10–10; Supplementary Figure 1C) and elevated expression for patients aged between 21 and 80 years (Supplementary Figure 1D; 21–40 years, p = 1.23 × 10–07; 41–60 years, p = 1.02 × 10–07; 61–80 years: p = 7.89 × 10–08) compared to that in normal tissue. This evidence concerns the gene HSF1 and cholangiocarcinoma.