TARDBP and neurodegenerative disease: Although TDP-43 was initially identified as an HIV-1 restriction factor that inhibits viral gene expression, it has garnered increased attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases due to its aberrant aggregation, reduced functionality, and mislocalization, which are frequently associated with various neurological disorders (Brown et al, 2022; Lu et al, 2022; Ma et al, 2022; Ou et al, 1995; Yu et al, 2021).