Given the substantial impact of HIV-1 infection on the nuclear‒cytoplasmic ratio of TDP-43, we conducted nuclear/cytoplasmic fractionation to demonstrate that significant aggregation of TDP-43 occurs not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus in the presence of HIV-1 compared with that in uninfected cells, providing additional support for our previous experimental findings (Appendix Fig. S2). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and HIV-1 infection.