SPP1 and intervertebral disk degenerative disorder: Previous studies have revealed that excessive loading and biomechanical instability can cause local tissue injury and altered microenvironment, promoting an osteoclast-initiated remodeling process and the eventual development of IDD.6,65,66 In parallel, we found that OPN deficiency exacerbated the degenerative remodeling process in the CEP of mice following LSI.