TNF and parasitic infectious disease: This study found increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines: TNF‐α, IFN‐ɣ, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and GM‐CSF, and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 in malaria‐infected children than the controls without malaria, and the levels were higher in participants with high parasitemia.