Participants with malaria had higher TNF‐α/IL‐10, TNF‐α/TGF‐β, IFN‐ɣ/TGF‐β, IL‐1β/TGF‐β and, but lower IFN‐ɣ/IL‐10, IL‐1β/IL‐10, and IL‐6/TGF‐β ratios than those in the control group (Table 2). Here, IL1B is linked to malaria.