Secretion of UDP-precursors by E. coli expressing the ABC transporter was protective in a human intestinal explant infection model and improved inflammatory parameters in a mouse DSS colitis model.91 Although it is not yet known whether UDP-peptidoglycan precursors are naturally secreted in the gut by the endogenous host of the ABC transporter system, this system is of interest for its therapeutic potential. Here, ABCG2 is linked to infection.