AR and musculoskeletal system disorder: Androgen receptor (AR) is one of the steroid hormone receptors which are essential transcription factors for mammalian physiology (Knerr et al., 2023) and are involved in the processes of cancer, reproductive system diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases (Guo et al., 2021; Efimenko et al., 2022; Pala et al., 2022).