ESR1 and breast cancer: It can suppress the expression of ERα, p-PI3K, p-Akt protein, and ESR1 mRNA, as well as inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells (IC50 value: 693 μg/mL), suggesting that its anti-ER-positive BC effect may be connected to the modulation of ER and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways (Zou et al., 2023).