AHR and renal fibrosis: Our previous studies have demonstrated that a number of flavonoids, such as barleriside A (BSA), rhoifolin, 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentahydroxy flavanone and 5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone, and lignans, including matairesinol and erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-ferulic acid ether as AHR antagonists, attenuate renal fibrosis by suppressing AHR signalling (Miao et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2022; Miao et al., 2022).