CFTR and cystic fibrosis: However, later on it is virtually impossible to eliminate P. aeruginosa, even if CFTR modulators are applied that partially reverse the underlying basic defect in CF airways of perturbed ion and water flow (Middleton et al., 2019; Lopez et al., 2023) and reduce the bacterial load (Nichols et al., 2023; Armbruster et al., 2024; Dittrich et al., 2024).