AKT1 and Insulin resistance: In type 2 diabetes Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia activate PI3K/AKT pathway, low grade inflammation activates the NF-κB pathway and high glucose levels activate the TGF-β1 pathway, leading to a decrease in E-cadherin levels and promoting a mesenchymal phenotype (Gong et al., 2014; Duan et al., 2021).