Most studies suggest that integrins primarily regulate and maintain tumor characteristics such as proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating various signaling pathways including TGF/β, FAK-AKT, or ERK (Kemper et al., 2021; Haas et al., 2017; McClure et al., 2019; Gharibi et al., 2017; Lafauy et al., 2021; Korovina et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.