Therefore, we investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on various clinical outcomes, including acute kidney injury (AKI), acute kidney disease (AKD), ESRD with dialysis, congestive heart failure (CHF), acute pulmonary embolisms (APEs), cardiac arrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), sepsis, and GUTIs, in patients with stage 3~5 disease. This evidence concerns the gene SLC5A2 and acute kidney injury.