Next, we examined the effects of FAP+ CAFs on macrophages in HCC, and some ligands associated with cell migration and macrophage differentiation were identified, such as BMP4 and CSF1(Figure S9E & S9F), which may play key roles in macrophage recruitment and pro-M2 polarization 64, 65. This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.