MMP12 and large artery stroke: For example, there was a causal relationship between lower serum MMP-12 levels and risk of IS, between lower serum MMP-1 and MMP-12 levels and risk of large-artery stroke, and between higher serum MMP-8 levels and risk of lacunar stroke, which can be monitored as indicators for the prediction of susceptible population and targets for medical intervention [48].