In secondary care, a study comprised 194 DEPs, which indicated that the six urinary proteins ACP2, PLD3, HLA-C, GGH, CALML3, and IL2RB had high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (CAS), and showed potential value for the diagnosis of further CAS-induced strokes, and could be used as potential CAS stroke diagnostic biomarkers and targets [61]. This evidence concerns the gene CALML3 and Stroke.