1.Reduced fat & insulin levels in HFD induced obese mice2.Weight loss, suppressed food intake, decreased adipocyte size/lipid content & lowered plasma insulin levels3.Reduced osteogenic & myofibrogenic VIC differentiation4.Decreased VIC osteogenic differentiation, inhibits myofibroblast, & protective against aortic valve stenosis5.Decreased phosphorylation of p44/42 MAP kinase in breast cancer model mice. Here, INS is linked to breast carcinoma.