Serological analysis showed an antigen-specific humoral response with typical IgM and IgG kinetics in patient 1, but an absence of an endogenous adaptive immune response in patient 2.<h4>Interpretation</h4>We report the first two cases of fatal meningoencephalitis associated with Ebola virus persistence in two survivors of Ebola virus disease who had received vaccination and mAb-based treatment in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and Ebola hemorrhagic fever.