For these reasons, our observation that early, but not late, use of anakinra delays lung cancer progression by normalizing myelopoiesis, therefore, rationalizes prophylactic use of IL-1-based interventions, like IL-1R inhibition, for the prevention or early management of nascent NSCLC, with the added nuance that earlier administration is likely to be more effective for older patients. Here, IL1R1 is linked to lung cancer.