For these reasons, our observation that early, but not late, use of anakinra delays lung cancer progression by normalizing myelopoiesis, therefore, rationalizes prophylactic use of IL-1-based interventions, like IL-1R inhibition, for the prevention or early management of nascent NSCLC, with the added nuance that earlier administration is likely to be more effective for older patients. The gene discussed is IL1R1; the disease is lung carcinoma.