TGFB1 and cancer: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) is a multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and cancers.[5, 6, 7] Activation of the canonical TGF‐β signaling begins with the formation of a heterotetrameric complex of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors (TGFBR1/2) after TGF‐β binding.