PNLIP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Interestingly, in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HEK293T, HepG2, MHCC 97H, and Huh7), PTL administered in combination with arsenic trioxide (ATO) improved cytoprotective autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as well as induced mitochondrial apoptosis through the classical pathway [88].