CLDN1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Subsequently, Wang et al. further explored and found that the mechanism of DOP in maintaining intestinal balance involved regulating the expression levels of TJPs such as occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 and caspase-3 proteins, inhibiting the activation of LPS-TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, and reducing the content of inflammatory factors TGF-β and TNF-α, increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10, which significantly reduces the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, thereby reducing hepatocyte apoptosis and liver fibrosis (Wang et al., 2020).