INS and diabetes mellitus: In addition, novel insulin formulations, such as insulin glargine U-300, insulin degludec, insulin 287, oral insulin, and basal insulin peglispro, have been used to treat diabetes (Eldor et al., 2013; Riddle et al., 2016; Marso et al., 2017; Halberg et al., 2019; Wilson and Castle, 2020).