In lupus T-cells, mitochondrial dysfunction including mitochondrial hyperpolarization, mitochondrial accumulation, and impaired mitophagy is mediated by increased Rab4A and its interaction with mTOR (Fernandez et al., 2009; Caza et al., 2014; Oaks et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2024). The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.