TRAF2 and Sepsis: TRIM47 acts as a stimulator of TNF-α-induced endothelial cell activation and, as a potential E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), mediating K63-linked ubiquitination to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway (66).In summary, protein ubiquitination plays a crucial role in sepsis and the resulting multi-organ dysfunction.