Twenty-three studies, including 24 group comparisons, reported VCAM-1 concentrations in 1,413 SSc patients (mean age 54 years, 84% females) and 806 healthy controls (mean age 49 years, 75% females) (66, 67, 70, 73, 76, 78, 80–84, 87, 92–95, 98–101, 103–105) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and systemic sclerosis.