Given that both oxidative stress and the upregulation of NADPH oxidase, mtROS generation and redox-sensitive signals have been previously associated with CCM disease pathogenesis, as reported in original articles (Goitre et al., 2014, 2017; Marchi et al., 2015; Retta and Glading, 2016; Antognelli et al., 2018a,b; Perrelli and Retta, 2021; Perrelli et al., 2023), we analyzed the levels of proteins associated with NADPH oxidase and mtROS activation (Supplementary Table 1). Here, FMO5 is linked to cerebral cavernous malformation.