ARC and cognitive disorder: On the other hand, FMN enhances synaptic plasticity and resistance to inflammation by activating the expressions of adaptive response genes such as Gkn3 (Gastrokine 3) (Mukherjee et al., 2018), Serpinb1a (Zhao et al., 2014), and Arc that mediate synapse-specific signaling and metaplasticity contributing to memory updating and disrupted in cognitive disease (Yang et al., 2023).